Effects of fungicides on the ultrastructure of the hypopharyngeal glands and the strength of the hives of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Several crops of agronomic interest depend on bees' pollination, and Apis mellifera L (Hymanoptera: Apidae) is the most studied direct pollinator. Nevertheless, the use of pesticides in agricultural environments is common, including fungicides. Studies that seek to evaluate the effects of fungicides on the hypopharyngeal glands of bees, the site of royal jelly synthesis, are lacking. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of field doses of fungicides (Captan SC® and Zignal®), alone or in mixture, on the hypopharyngeal glands and their subsequent effect on the strength of hives. The evaluations were carried out under field conditions in three hives per treatment. For a period of one month, bee hives received feed containing sugar syrup, pollen and 1.2 mL of Zignal® and 3 mL of Captan SC® in the isolated treatments and 4.2 mL in the mixture. The action of fungicides on the hypopharyngeal glands was determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis in bees 7 and 15 days old, collected in the hives one month after exposure to fungicides. The strength of the hives was evaluated for six months based on the number of frames with adult bees, open and closed brood, and stored food. The results indicate that fungicides promote early degeneration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and morphological and structural changes in mitochondria. In addition, a reduction in adult population, open and closed breeding and food stock was observed. More pronounced damage occurred when bees were exposed to the mixture of fungicides. Overall, it can be concluded that the presence of fungicides in bee diets promotes harm accentuated over time and compromises the survival of hives. It will be worth estimating the fungicide effects of the queen development and on the colony heath.

Proteomic profiling of royal jelly produced by Apis mellifera L. exposed to food containing herbicide-based glyphosate.

Royal jelly (RJ) is rich in protective elements associated with collective immune defenses in the hive of Apis mellifera. Exposure of bees to glyphosate-based herbicides causes ultrastructural changes in the hypopharyngeal glands and a reduction in the production of RJ. However, the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the protein composition of RJ and consequences for the hive are unknown. Thus, we performed proteomic profiling of royal jelly produced in hives of A. mellifera exposed to food containing 1,5 µL of Roundup® (2.16 mg. g-1 of glyphosate). The production of RJ was carried out in six hives, following the method of artificial production of queens. The combs containing 80 grafting cells were introduced into the hives, and the collection of royal jelly was performed after 72 h. Two treatments were determined based on hive feeding and the hive as the experimental unit: Control and "Roundup®". Royal jelly from the Roundup® treatment hives was compared to the Control hives. Proteins with differences in expression were identified by mass spectrometry. Only the proteins present in all three biological replicates were considered in the differential abundance analysis, using Student's t-test (p-value < 0.05, two-tailed). Hives that received food containing Roundup®, analysis showed alterations in protein profile in the RJ produced therein. In total, 24 proteins were identified, and the accumulation of Major royal jelly protein 3 (MRJP3) was downregulated, showing a significant reduction in hives exposed to food containing Roundup® in relation to control hives (t = 0.0017). MRJP3 acts analogously to polyclonal antigen-antibody reactions, performing functions related to immunity in bees of different ages and castes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate changes in the proteomic profile of RJ caused by glyphosate-based herbicides, indicating its negative effects on the nutrition and social immunity of bees.

The cost of alkaline solutions in ambulatory hemodialysis: an analysis about wasteful from the processes control.

INTRODUCTION: There are few studies about costs of inputs used in hemodialysis and among these expenditures, the compounds that make up the dialysate are one of the values considered as representative of this therapy. However, there aren't costs studies that guiding solutions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is discuss whether there is wasteful of alkaline solutions in ambulatory hemodialysis and hence the possibility of reduction in cost from the standardization process simulation of establishment of dialysate flow in periods between shifts in hemodialysis outpatients. METHODS: Starting from an observational analytic, a simulation was performed twenty case scenarios, which ten cases established by standardizing processes control on the dialysate flow in recession. The combination of data was performed using as a basis the prices of three suppliers of alkali liquid or powder. RESULTS: It was observed among the scenarios with standardized processes, ranging between 7.7% and 33.3% savings in the alkaline solution cost (powder or liquid), by reducing waste. CONCLUSION: It is possible to restrain the wasteful use of alkaline solutions, both powder and liquid. Consequently, its cost from the patterning on reducing the flow of dialysate during the intervals between shifts observed in the outpatient hemodialysis. However, these results are conditional upon the commitment of health professionals, mainly to supervision exercise and control of activities in quality function deployment.

O custo de soluções alcalinas em sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial: uma análise sobre o desperdício a partir do controle dos processos / The cost of alkaline solutions in ambulatory hemodialysis: an analysis about wasteful from the processes control

Introdução: São escassos estudos dos custos dos insumos consumidos em hemodiálise e, dentre estes gastos, os compostos que compõem o dialisato estão entre os valores considerados como representativos nessa terapia. Contudo, não foram encontrados estudos que orientem sobre o comportamento de custos dessas soluções. Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é avaliar se há desperdício no consumo de soluções alcalinas em hemodiálise ambulatorial e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de redução no custo a partir da simulação de padronização no processo de estabelecimento do fluxo do dialisato nos períodos entre turnos em sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial. Métodos: Partindo de um estudo observacional analítico, foi realizada uma simulação de 20 cenários, sendo 10 estabelecidos pela padronização dos processos de controle no fluxo do dialisato nos intervalos das sessões. A combinação dos dados foi realizada tomando por base os preços de três fornecedores de soluções alcalinas líquidas ou em pó. Resultados: Observou-se, dentre os cenários com processos padronizados, uma variação entre 7,7% e 33,3% de economia no custo da solução alcalina (em pó ou líquida), pela redução do desperdício. Conclusão: É possível refrear o desperdício no uso de soluções alcalinas, tanto em pó quanto líquidas e, consequentemente, seus custos, a partir da padronização na redução do fluxo de dialisato durante os intervalos verificados entre os turnos na hemodiálise ambulatorial. Todavia, estes resultados estão condicionados ao comprometimento de profissionais de saúde, principalmente no que tange ao exercício da supervisão e controle das atividades ...

Introduction: There are few studies about costs of inputs used in hemodialysis and among these expenditures, the compounds that make up the dialysate are one of the values considered as representative of this therapy. However, there aren’t costs studies that guiding solutions. Objective: The objective of this article is discuss whether there is wasteful of alkaline solutions in ambulatory hemodialysis and hence the possibility of reduction in cost from the standardization process simulation of establishment of dialysate flow in periods between shifts in hemodialysis outpatients. Methods: Starting from an observational analytic, a simulation was performed twenty case scenarios, which ten cases established by standardizing processes control on the dialysate flow in recession. The combination of data was performed using as a basis the prices of three suppliers of alkali liquid or powder. Results: It was observed among the scenarios with standardized processes, ranging between 7.7% and 33.3% savings in the alkaline solution cost (powder or liquid), by reducing waste. Conclusion: It is possible to restrain the wasteful use of alkaline solutions, both powder and liquid. Consequently, its cost from the patterning on reducing the flow of dialysate during the intervals between shifts observed in the outpatient hemodialysis. However, these results are conditional upon the commitment of health professionals, mainly to supervision exercise and control of activities in quality function deployment. .

Early-onset neonatal sepsis in Dhaka, Bangladesh: risk associated with maternal bacterial colonisation and chorioamnionitis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis among newborns of mothers with chorioamnionitis and/or bacterial colonisation in Dhaka. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study at a maternity centre following 600 mother-newborn pairs. Women with a positive bacterial vaginal culture or positive Group B streptococcus (GBS) rectal culture during labour were classified as colonised. Women with placental histopathology demonstrating signs of maternal or foetal inflammation were classified as having chorioamnionitis. Newborns were followed over the first 7 days of life. The primary outcome measure was physician or community health worker diagnosis of neonatal sepsis following modified World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses criteria. Survival analysis was conducted with non-parametric, parametric and semiparametric models. RESULTS: Of the 600 mother-newborn pairs, 12.8% of newborns were diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. Five hundred and forty-three women had both colonisation and chorioamnionitis data, 55.4% of mothers were non-exposed, 31.7% were only colonised and 12.9% had chorioamnionitis regardless of colonisation status. After adjusting for birthweight, sex, maternal characteristics and wealth, newborns of only colonised mothers developed sepsis 63% faster and had a 71% higher risk of developing sepsis than their non-exposed counterparts (RT = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-1.03; RH = 1.71, 95% CI 1.00-2.94). Newborns of mothers with chorioamnionitis developed sepsis 74% faster and had a 111% higher risk of developing sepsis (RT = 0.26, 95% CI 0.07-0.94; RH = 2.11, 95% CI 1.06-4.21). CONCLUSIONS: Newborns born to mothers with colonisation or chorioamnionitis developed sepsis faster and were at higher risk of developing sepsis in Dhaka.

Limits on quality of life in communication after total laryngectomy

Introduction: Among people affected by cancer, the impairment of quality of life of people affected by cancer can cause have devastating effects. The self-image of patients after post-laryngectomyzed patients may be find themselves compromised, affecting the quality of life in this population. Objective: To characterize quality of life in related to communication in people who have undergone went total laryngectomy surgery. Methods: This is an observational study, with a cross-sectional and descriptive series. Design of series study. The sample were comprised 15 patients interviewed the period from January to February of 2011. We used the Quality Protocol for Life Communication in Post-laryngectomy adapted from Bertocello (2004); which this questionnaire contains 55 questions. The protocol was organized from the nature of using responses classified as positive and negative aspects, proposals in with respect to five 5 communication domains: family relationships, social relationships, personal analysis; morphofunctional aspect, and use of writing. To promote and guarantee the autonomy of the respondents, was examiners made use of used assistive technology with the Visual Response Scale. Results: The responses that total laryngectomy compromises the quality of life in communication amounted to 463 occurrences (65.7%), and that who responses suggesting good quality of life were represented with amounted to 242 occurrences (34.3%), from a total of 705 occurrencesresponses. From Among the five 5 Communication domains, four 4 had percentages of above 63% for occurrences of negative content for impact on communication. Appearance Morphofunctional appearance gave the had the highest percentage of negative content, amounting to 77.3% of cases. Conclusions: The results showed important limitations of a personal and social nature due to poor communication with their peers. Thus, there is a need for multidisciplinary interventions that aim to minimize the entrapment of...

Limits on quality of life in communication after total laryngectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Among people affected by cancer, the impairment of quality of life of people affected by cancer can cause have devastating effects. The self-image of patients after post-laryngectomyzed patients may be find themselves compromised, affecting the quality of life in this population. OBJECTIVE: To characterize quality of life in related to communication in people who have undergone went total laryngectomy surgery. METHODS: This is an observational study, with a cross-sectional and descriptive series. Design of series study. The sample were comprised 15 patients interviewed the period from January to February of 2011. We used the Quality Protocol for Life Communication in Post-laryngectomy adapted from Bertocello (2004); which this questionnaire contains 55 questions. The protocol was organized from the nature of using responses classified as positive and negative aspects, proposals in with respect to five 5 communication domains: family relationships, social relationships, personal analysis; morphofunctional aspect, and use of writing. To promote and guarantee the autonomy of the respondents, was examiners made use of used assistive technology with the Visual Response Scale. RESULTS: The responses that total laryngectomy compromises the quality of life in communication amounted to 463 occurrences (65.7%), and that who responses suggesting good quality of life were represented with amounted to 242 occurrences (34.3%), from a total of 705 occurrencesresponses. From Among the five 5 Communication domains, four 4 had percentages of above 63% for occurrences of negative content for impact on communication. Appearance Morphofunctional appearance gave the had the highest percentage of negative content, amounting to 77.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed important limitations of a personal and social nature due to poor communication with their peers. Thus, there is a need for multidisciplinary interventions that aim to minimize the entrapment of negative impact on these people communication among these patients.

Graphic angle measure as an electrocochleography evaluation parameter.

UNLABELLED: To improve electrocochleography's diagnostic sensitivity in Meniére's disease - new assessment methods are being studied. AIM: To determine whether or not graphic angle measurement is sensitive and specific to Menière's disease laboratorial diagnosis and if there is an increase in the electrocochleography's sensitivity and specificity when graphic angle measurements are associated with Summating Potential-Action Potential ratio (SP/AP ratio). METHODS: Electrocochleography's was used to analyze 71 ears from 55 subjects: 41 patients with clinical diagnosis of Menière's disease (MD group), and 14 healthy individuals as control (Group C). Graphic results were analyzed initially to obtain the SP/AP ratio; afterwards, through another program graphic angle measurements were calculated. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity values of angle measures, SP/AP ratio, and the association between them varied according to the cutoff point, the highest equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity was observed with the values of 166.25 for angle measurement and 27% for SP/AP relation; 62.79% / 60.71% and 74.42% / 67.86%, respectively. The association between measurements showed a sensitivity increase due to the specificity decrease; 88.37% and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Angle graphic measurement is not sensitive and specific enough for the laboratorial diagnosis of MD. Angle graphic measurement and SP/AP ratio association proved to be higher in sensitivity, in detriment of exam specificity.

Graphic angle measure as an electrocochleography evaluation parameter / A medida angular gráfica como parâmetro de avaliação da eletrococleografia

To improve electrocochleography's diagnostic sensitivity in Meniére's disease - new assessment methods are being studied. AIM: To determine whether or not graphic angle measurement is sensitive and specific to Menière's disease laboratorial diagnosis and if there is an increase in the electrocochleography's sensitivity and specificity when graphic angle measurements are associated with Summating Potential-Action Potential ratio (SP/AP ratio). METHODS: Electrocochleography's was used to analyze 71 ears from 55 subjects: 41 patients with clinical diagnosis of Menière's disease (MD group), and 14 healthy individuals as control (Group C). Graphic results were analyzed initially to obtain the SP/AP ratio; afterwards, through another program graphic angle measurements were calculated. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity values of angle measures, SP/AP ratio, and the association between them varied according to the cutoff point, the highest equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity was observed with the values of 166.25 for angle measurement and 27 percent for SP/AP relation; 62.79 percent / 60.71 percent and 74.42 percent / 67.86 percent, respectively. The association between measurements showed a sensitivity increase due to the specificity decrease; 88.37 percent and 50 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Angle graphic measurement is not sensitive and specific enough for the laboratorial diagnosis of MD. Angle graphic measurement and SP/AP ratio association proved to be higher in sensitivity, in detriment of exam specificity.

Para melhorar a sensibilidade diagnóstica da eletrococleografia na doença de Ménière têm-se estudado novos métodos de mensuração. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se a técnica da medida angular gráfica é sensível e específica para o diagnóstico laboratorial da doença de Ménière e se existe incremento na sensibilidade e especificidade da eletrococleografia, quando da associação da medida angular gráfica com o valor da relação SP/AP. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram analisadas a eletrococleografia de 71 orelhas: 41 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de doença de Ménière e 14 controles sadios. Os traçados foram analisados inicialmente para a obtenção do valor da relação SP/AP, posteriormente foi calculada a medida angular gráfica. RESULTADOS: O valor da sensibilidade e especificidade da medida angular, da relação SP/AP e da associação de ambas variou de acordo com o ponto de corte, os valores 166,25 para a medida angular e 27 por cento para SP/AP foram os que demonstraram maior equilíbrio entre sensibilidade e especificidade, 62,79 por cento / 60,71 por cento e 74,42 por cento / 67,86 por cento, respectivamente. A associação das medidas mostrou incremento da sensibilidade à custa da diminuição da especificidade, 88,37 por cento e 50 por cento, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A medida angular gráfica não é sensível e específica suficiente para o diagnóstico laboratorial DM. A associação da relação SP/AP e medida angular gráfica apresentou melhora da sensibilidade em detrimento da especificidade do exame.

Evolução clínica dos casos de esporotricose felina diagnosticados no Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC)/Fiocruz no período de 1998 a 2005 / Clinical evolution of the feline cases of sporotrichosis seen at the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute IPEC/Fiocruz in the period of 1998 and 2005

O presente estudo descreve a evolução clínica dos gatos com esporotricose diagnosticados no Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (Lapclin-Dermzoo) do Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC)/Fiocruz, no período de 1998 a 2005. Foram revisados 1822 prontuários médicos. Novecentos gatos abandonaram o acompanhamento após o diagnóstico ou durante o tratamento. Quatrocentos e vinte e nove evoluíram para o óbito. Do total da casuística foi possível o contato telefônico com 328 (18 porcento) proprietários. Compareceram para reavaliação 73 (22,4 porcento;n=328) animais. Em dez (28,5 porcento) gatos foi isolado S. schenckii através de swab de lesão, em sete (20 porcento) swab da cavidade nasal, dois (5,7 porcento) através de swab nasal, oral e de lesão, em dois (5,7 porcento) por meio de biópsia e em 14 (40 porcento) o diagnóstico foi clínico. Trinta e cinco (47,9 porcento) gatos apresentaram ao menos uma lesão ao exame clínico. A reativação das lesões foi mais freqüente em gatos com sinais e sintomas respiratórios no momento do diagnóstico de esporotricose. Três casos reavaliados apresentaram reativação das lesões de 6 a 7 anos após a cura inicial. Do total de gatos que tiveram o tratamento abandonado, foi possível o contato com os proprietários de 147 (20,9 porcento). Foi observado que o abandono ocorreu principalmente no momento da melhora clínica, motivado pela percepção equivocada de cura por parte do proprietário. A conclusão deste estudo permitiu conhecer o alto percentual de abandono e óbitos na esporotricose felina, dificultando o seguimento dos casos por longo prazo e enfatizando a importância de investimentos em tratamento e na adesão. Também foi verificada a reativação de lesões em animais considerados curados até um longo período após a alta clínica, sugerindo a possibilidade do fungo se manter latente em cicatrizes e alertando para a necessidade do investimento em protocolos pós-tratamento

The present study describes the clinical evolution of cats with sporotrichosis seen at the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (Lapclin-Dermzoo) of the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute (IPEC)/Fiocruz in the period of 1998 and 2005. One thousand eight hundred and twenty-two medical records were reviewed. Nineteen cats abandoned the follow-up after diagnosis orduring the treatment. Four hundred and twenty-nine died. Of the total sample, the telephone contact was possible with 328 (18 percent) owners. Seventy – three(22.4 percent;n=328) animals were re-evaluated, of which 35 (47,9 percent) with signs and symptoms of sporotrichosis. In ten (28,5 percent) cats, S. schenckii was isolated in culturefrom lesion swab, in seven (20 percent) from nasal swab, in two (5,7 percent) from lesion andnasal swabs, in two (5.7 percent) through biopsy and in fourteen (40 percent) the diagnosis was clinical. The reactivation of the lesions was more common in cats with respiratory signs and symptoms at the moment of the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. Reactivation of the lesions was observed 6 to 7 years after the initial cure in three re-evaluated cases. Of the total number of cats that had abandoned the treatment, it was possible to consult the owners of 147 (20.9 percent). It was observed that the abandonment occurred mainly at the time of clinical improvement, motivated by the wrong perception of cure by the owner. The conclusion of this study allowed to identify a high rate of abandonment and deaths in feline sporotrichosis, making difficult the follow-up at long-term and emphasizing the importance of investments in treatment and adherence. It was also verified the reactivation of lesions in animals considered cured until a long time after clinical discharge, suggesting the possibility of the fungus remain latent in scars and pointing to the need of investment in post-treatment protocols.

A formação e o fortalecimento de vínculo emocional entre os adolescentes participantes de oficinas e prevenção da violência. Uma investigação a partir do Projeto Frutos do Morro* / The formation and strengthening of emotional bonds between adolescents participating in workshops and violence prevention. A research coming from the project Fruit of the Hill (Frutos do Morro*)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar se e como a atividade em grupo contribui para a formação e o fortalecimento de vínculo emocional e se propicia mudança de comportamento dos adolescentes frente à violência. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os adolescentes moradores do Aglomerado Morro das Pedras e do Bairro Providência, que frequentavam as oficinas de promoção da saúde e prevenção da violência do Projeto Frutos do Morro, vinculado ao Núcleo de Promoção da Saúde e Paz/DMPS/FM/UFMG. O estudo utilizou a associação de métodos qualitativos: entrevista semiestruturada, grupo focal e observação participante. Durante quatro meses as atividades de três oficinas foram acompanhadas: duas delas desenvolviam atividades reflexivas e a terceira associava atividade reflexiva à prática esportiva do jiu-jitsu. Os resultados revelaram que todas as oficinas observadas contribuem para a formação e o fortalecimento de vínculo emocional entre os participantes. O papel dos coordenadores das oficinas é central nesse processo. Foi possível perceber como os adolescentes têm procurado resolver os conflitos sem o uso da força ou agressão por meio de palavras. A oficina que associa a prática esportiva a atividades reflexivas é a que mostra mais efeitos na prevenção da violência. Destaca-se o fato mencionado pelos adolescentes de que tudo que é produzido nas oficinas é transmitido por eles a outros espaços de sua convivência. Daí, pode-se concluir que a oficina pode ser um recurso de abordagem da violência e que é necessário manter o acompanhamento permanente dos seus efeitos na vida dos adolescentes

The objective of this research was to examine whether and how the group activity contributes to the formation and strengthening of emotional ties and promotes behavior change among adolescents in the face of violence. The research subjects were the adolescents who live in the Aglomerado Morro das Pedras and Bairro Providencia, who attended workshops on health promotion and violence prevention of the Projeto Frutos do Morro (Project Fruits of the Hill l), connected to the Nucleo de Promoção da Saúde e Paz /DMPS/FM/UFMG (Health and Peace Promotion Nucleus). The study used the qualitative methods association: semistructured interviews, focus group, and participating observation. For four months the three workshops activities have been followed up: two have developed reflexive activities and the third have associated the reflexive activities to jiu-jitsu training. The results revealed that all theworkshops under observation contribute for the development and strengthening of the emotional links among the participants. The coordinators role in the workshop is central in this process. It was possible to see how the adolescents have tried to solve the conflicts rather through words without the use of strength or aggression. The workshops that associate sports training to reflexive activities show more effectiveness in violence prevention. It is noteworthy that the adolescents mentioned that all that is produced in the workshops is transmitted by them to other spaces of their life. Thus the conclusion can be that the workshop may be a resource of approach of violence and that it is necessary to keep permanent follow up of its effects on the adolescents´s life

Equipes do programa saúde da família: estresse profissional e dinâmica de trabalho / Family health program teams: professional stress and word dynamic

Este trabalho descreve a realização de uma pesquisa clínico qualitativa com equipes do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) que teve como objetivo propiciar aos profissionais, enquanto cuidadores, a possibilidade de vivenciarem um ambiente de acolhimento, a partir do próprio relacionamento da equipe, que lhes permitisse enfrentar o estresse cotidiano da sua prática. Utilizaram-se grupos de reflexão por possibilitarem maior interação entre pesquisador e "membros da situação investigada". A fundamentação teórica baseou-se nos conceitos de Winnicott que permitem compreender o que se passa na dinâmica de relacionamento dos profissionais, a partir do conjunto de cuidados (holding) que o bebê recebe do ambiente cuidador (sobretudo a mãe) e que contribui para o seu desenvolvimento. Os resultados afirmam a importância de relações afetuosas, cuidadoras e empáticas entre os membros da equipe para o melhor enfrentamento das tensões geradas no cotidiano de sua prática.

This is a description of a clinico-qualitative research on Family Health Program (FHP) teams, which aimed to provide the professionals, while carers, with the possibility to experience a welcoming environment, from the relationships developed through teamwork, as a protection against practice-related daily stress. Because they afford greater interaction between the researcher and "members of the investigated situation", reflexion groups were used.The theoretical framework was based on Winnicott`s concepts, which facilitate understanding of the dynamics of professional relationships, from analysis of the body of care (holding) the baby receives from the caring environment (mainly from the mother) and that contributes to its development. The results point to the importance of affectionate, caring and empathic relationships among the team members, for better defusing of practice-related daily conflicts.

Intralesional amphotericin B in a cat with refractory localised sporotrichosis.

The present report concerns a case of sporotrichosis in a 3-year-old male crossbred cat. After 9 months of oral itraconazole (20mg/kg) therapy, all skin lesions had resolved with the exception of a single nodular lesion located on the bridge of the nose. Therefore, a combined therapy that included intralesional (IL) amphotericin B (1mg/kg) was started. The lesion resolved completely after three weekly administrations of IL amphotericin B, given in concert with oral itraconazole. The cat remains well 1 year after discontinuing therapy, with no signs of recurrence.

Sudden hearing loss caused by labyrinthine hemorrhage.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is relatively frequent. In most cases, the etiology is not discovered. One of the possible causes for sudden deafness is inner labyrinth bleeding, which was difficult to diagnose before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of sudden hearing loss caused by a labyrinthine hemorrhage, and to present a review of the literature on this topic.

Surdez súbita causada por hemorragia intralabiríntica / Sudden hearing loss caused by labyrinthine hemorrhage

A surdez súbita sensorioneural é uma perda auditiva súbita ou rapidamente progressiva. Na maioria dos casos a etiologia não é descoberta. Uma das causas possíveis de surdez súbita é a hemorragia intralabiríntica que, antes do surgimento da ressonância magnética, não era corretamente diagnosticada. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de surdez súbita causada por hemorragia intralabiríntica e realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre este assunto.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is relatively frequent. In most cases, the etiology is not discovered. One of the possible causes for sudden deafness is inner labyrinth bleeding, which was difficult to diagnose before the advent of magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of sudden hearing loss caused by a labyrinthine hemorrhage, and to present a review of the literature on this topic.

Bilateral inverted papilloma: case report and literature review.

The inverted papilloma is an uncommon unilateral nasosinusal benign tumor. The clinical picture presents nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as unilateral nasal obstruction, anosmia and headache. The diagnosis is established by anamnesis, physical exam, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is essentially surgical. This report has the objective of presenting an uncommon bilateral inverted nasal papilloma and making a literature review.